Refractory steel, also known as heat-resistant steel or high-temperature steel, is a type of alloy steel specifically designed to withstand high temperatures and maintain mechanical strength and dimensional stability under extreme heat conditions. It is commonly used in applications where materials are exposed to elevated temperatures, such as furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature processing environments.

Refractory steel offers several key features and advantages:

1. High-temperature strength: Refractory steel exhibits excellent mechanical strength and retains its structural integrity at elevated temperatures, allowing it to withstand thermal stresses and load-bearing requirements.
2. Oxidation resistance: Refractory steel possesses a high resistance to oxidation, which enables it to resist the formation of scales and maintain its performance in oxidizing environments.
3. Creep resistance: The alloy composition of refractory steel imparts excellent resistance to creep deformation, which is the gradual deformation that occurs under long-term exposure to high temperatures and stress levels.
4. Thermal stability: Refractory steel maintains its dimensional stability and does not undergo significant expansion or contraction when subjected to extreme temperature fluctuations.
5. Good thermal conductivity: Refractory steel exhibits good thermal conductivity, enabling efficient heat transfer and distribution in high-temperature applications.

Refractory steel is produced through various manufacturing processes, including casting, forging, and heat treatment. The alloy composition is carefully selected to optimize its high-temperature properties, including elements such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and vanadium.

Applications of refractory steel include components in industrial furnaces, heat treatment equipment, power plants, petrochemical plants, and aerospace engines. These components include furnace rollers, burner nozzles, heat exchanger tubes, turbine blades, and high-temperature fasteners.

Overall, refractory steel plays a crucial role in providing structural integrity and durability in high-temperature environments, making it an essential material for industries requiring resistance to extreme heat conditions.